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Video • Topic Overview

Engineering intelligence for human environments

Explore the sensing, edge AI, power, and control systems that allow humanoid robots to operate safely alongside people.

Humanoid robot assembling pieces in a factory
Podcast • The Tech Between Us

Humanoid robots: Explore the form factor

Raymond Yin and Leo Chen explore the engineering challenges behind humanoid robots, from power density and balance to AI perception and the limits of autonomy.

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Host: Raymond Yin Mouser Director of Technical Content

For over a decade, Raymond Yin has worked at Mouser as its resident Director of Technical Content. During his tenure, he has collaborated with many manufacturer brands, industry leaders and technology experts to develop the latest content on technology and applications. Managing and expanding Mouser's portfolio of content for new product introductions and technology trends, Raymond stays immersed in the electronic component industry and well-versed in the latest industry developments impacting Mouser's customers.

Earning his Bachelor of Science degree in Electrical Engineering from Southern Methodist University in 1986, Raymond's 20 plus years in the electronics distribution industry, and 7 years as a design engineer, has given him a deep understanding of the capabilities of the latest components as well as the companies that produce them.

Guest: Leo Chen Director of US Operations, Engineered Arts

Leo Chen is the Director of US Operations for Engineered Arts.

Since the first time he watched R2-D2 trundle across the screen in Star Wars, Leo's wanted to build robots. He started his high school FIRST Robotics team back in 2006. He spent much of his college trying to build a robotic cockroach out of carbon fiber and also secured an NSF grant to build out a robotic eel with realistic anguilliform motion.

Leo's first career stop was at Linear Technologies (acquired by Analog Devices in 2017) as an application engineer. He was lucky enough to be able to help some of Silicon Valley's best and brightest on their projects working on projects like the 1st generation Tesla Roadster, the 1st generation iPhone and the 1st generation iPad. Getting tired of solving other peoples' problems instead of his own, Leo made his way over to Google's applied science arm in 2014 where he helped them design and build giant 75 foot tall and 150 foot tall balloon launching robots for Project Loon. After the wind-down of Loon in 2021, Leo led the Electrical Engineering team at Verdant Robotics where he and his team designed and built a multi-action autonomous agricultural robot that enabled Verdant to secure their first commercial contracts while also closing over $46 million dollars in a series A round in 2022.

In 2023, Leo somehow managed to convince the powers that be that he was qualified enough to build out the humanoid robotics company, Engineered Arts', first international expansion. He was tasked with building out the US office, which not only became profitable within 6 months, but also allowed Engineered Arts to expand their service area and footprint.

Leo's just a guy who's lucky enough to be able to live out his childhood dream. He believes that robotics has the potential to bring benefits to humanity much beyond just stacking boxes in a dark warehouse or building cars in a dangerous factory.

When he's not nerding out robots, Leo can be found outside punting himself down mountains on a bike or trying to get his new puppy, Grayson, to listen to him.

Engineering a humanoid robot

Humanoid robot eyes with sensors
Humanoid robot arms in motion
Humanoid robot back and joint connections with power and thermal management components
Humanoid robot legs in motion
Humanoid robot hands in motion

What it does

  • Vision and depth sensing/object recognition
  • Sensor fusion (camera, LiDAR, IMU, joint feedback)

Engineering considerations

  • High data throughput with low‑latency processing
  • Thermal limits
  • Edge computing requirements
  • Power considerations

What it does

  • Precision torque control
  • Coordinated multi-joint movement and balance correction

Engineering considerations

  • Designing for control complexity
  • Closed-loop stability
  • Compact actuator packaging within human-scale geometry
  • Mechanical wear

What it does

  • Battery
  • Peak load handling
  • Power distribution
  • Heat dissipation

Engineering considerations

  • Runtime
  • High instantaneous current demands
  • Thermal buildup in joints and limb structures
  • Energy density vs. weight constraints

What it does

  • Bipedal locomotion
  • Gait planning and terrain adaptation

Engineering considerations

  • Continuous bipedal balance adjustments
  • Adjusting for fall risk
  • Increased sensing and control
  • Safety considerations

What it does

  • Tool manipulation with human dexterity
  • Facial expression accuracy
  • Tactile sensing and safe contact

Engineering considerations

  • Fine motor control requires precision
  • Compliance required for safe human interaction

Engineering a humanoid robot

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